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Photocatalytic degradation of contaminants of concern with composite NF-TiO2 films under visible and solar light

机译：可见光和太阳光下复合NF-TiO2薄膜对污染物的光催化降解

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This study reports the synthesis and characterization of composite nitrogen and fluorine co-doped titanium dioxide (NF-TiO2) for the removal of contaminants of concern (COCs) in wastewater under visible and solar light. Monodisperse anatase TiO2 nanoparticles of different sizes and Evonik P25 were assembled to immobilized NF-TiO2 by direct incorporation into the sol-gel or by the layer-by-layer technique. The composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and porosimetry analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of atrazine, carbamazepine, and caffeine was evaluated in a synthetic water solution and in an effluent from a hybrid biological concentrator reactor (BCR). Minor aggregation and improved distribution of monodisperse titania particles was obtained with NF-TiO2-monodisperse (10 and 50 nm) from the layer-by-layer technique than with NF-TiO2 + monodisperse TiO2 (300 nm) directly incorporated into the sol. The photocatalysts synthesized with the layer-by-layer method achieved significantly higher degradation rates in contrast with NF-TiO2-monodisperse titania (300 nm) and slightly faster values when compared with NF-TiO2-P25. Using NF-TiO2 layer-by-layer with monodisperse TiO2 (50 nm) under the solar light irradiation, the respective degradation rates in synthetic water and BCR effluent were 14.6 and 9.5·10-3 min-1 for caffeine, 12.5 and 9.0·10-3 min-1 for carbamazepine, and 10.9 and 5.8·10-3 min-1 for atrazine. These results suggest that the layer-by-layer technique is a promising method for the synthesis of composite TiO2-based films compared to the direct addition of nanoparticles into the sol.
机译：这项研究报告了合成的氮和氟共掺杂二氧化钛（NF-TiO2）的合成和表征，用于去除可见光和太阳光下废水中的关注污染物（COC）。通过直接掺入溶胶-凝胶或通过逐层技术将不同大小的单分散锐钛矿型TiO2纳米颗粒和Evonik P25组装成固定化的NF-TiO2。通过X射线衍射，高分辨率透射电子显微镜，环境扫描电子显微镜和孔隙率分析对复合膜进行表征。评价了阿特拉津，卡马西平和咖啡因在合成水溶液和混合生物浓缩器反应器（BCR）的流出物中的光催化降解。与直接掺入溶胶中的NF-TiO2 +单分散TiO2（300 nm）相比，通过逐层技术获得的NF-TiO2-单分散（10和50 nm）的单分散二氧化钛颗粒的较小聚集和改进的分布。与NF-TiO2-单分散二氧化钛（300 nm）相比，通过逐层方法合成的光催化剂实现了更高的降解率，并且与NF-TiO2-P25相比，其光催化值略快。在日光照射下，使用单分散的TiO2（50 nm）逐层NF-TiO2，合成水和BCR废水中咖啡因的降解速率分别为14.6和9.5·10-3 min-1，12.5和9.0·卡马西平为10-3 min-1，阿特拉津为10.9和5.8·10-3 min-1。这些结果表明，与将纳米颗粒直接添加到溶胶中相比，逐层技术是合成基于TiO2的薄膜的有前途的方法。

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